Evaluation and Characterisation of Reactivity Metrics

ثبت نشده
چکیده

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report describes the evaluation and characterisation of reactivity metrics to support the United States Environmental Protection Agency's efforts to update its reactivity policy for the attainment of ozone air quality standards. The review is based on three detailed computer modelling studies which taken together have made a significant contribution to basic understanding of the likely role that reactivity considerations could play in ozone control strategies. Reactivity-based policies should work efficiently on both the urban and regional scales by reducing episodic peak ozone levels and by reducing exceedances of the ozone air quality standards. Two preferred metrics have been selected as the most promising for policy development and these are the EKMA and Regional or 3-D Maximum Incremental Reactivity metrics. 3-D Eulerian regional air quality models have been demonstrated to be ideal tools for the visualisation of the ozone impacts of reactivity-based VOC substitution strategies across central California, the southwestern and southeastern United States of America. The choice of chemical mechanism, together with its adequacy and completeness, are crucial to the estimation of reactivity metrics and the compilation of reactivity scales. If the potential value of reactivity-based VOC control strategies is to become accepted by policy-makers for the attainment of ozone air quality standards, then two basic tools will be required. The first is an evaluated reactivity scale that expresses our best understanding of the relative importance of each of upwards of 100 to 200 VOCs in photochemical ozone formation under given environmental conditions. The second is a 3-D Eulerian regional air quality model to provide the best possible visualisation of the urban and regional scale ozone impacts of candidate reactivity-based VOC control strategies.

برای دانلود رایگان متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Using the Taxonomy and the Metrics: What to Study When and Why; Comment on “Metrics and Evaluation Tools for Patient Engagement in Healthcare Organization- and System-Level Decision-Making: A Systematic Review”

Dukhanin and colleagues’ taxonomy of metrics for patient engagement at the organizational and system levels has great potential for supporting more careful and useful evaluations of this ever-growing phenomenon. This commentary highlights the central importance to the taxonomy of metrics assessing the extent of meaningful participation in decision-making by patients, consumers and community mem...

متن کامل

Review of ranked-based and unranked-based metrics for determining the effectiveness of search engines

Purpose: Traditionally, there have many metrics for evaluating the search engine, nevertheless various researchers’ proposed new metrics in recent years. Aware of this new metrics is essential to conduct research on evaluation of the search engine field. So, the purpose of this study was to provide an analysis of important and new metrics for evaluating the search engines. Methodology: This is ...

متن کامل

The Correlation of Machine Translation Evaluation Metrics with Human Judgement on Persian Language

Machine Translation Evaluation Metrics (MTEMs) are the central core of Machine Translation (MT) engines as they are developed based on frequent evaluation. Although MTEMs are widespread today, their validity and quality for many languages is still under question. The aim of this research study was to examine the validity and assess the quality of MTEMs from Lexical Similarity set on machine tra...

متن کامل

Metrics and Evaluation Tools for Patient Engagement in Healthcare Organization- and System-Level Decision-Making: A Systematic Review

Background Patient, public, consumer, and community (P2C2) engagement in organization-, community-, and systemlevel healthcare decision-making is increasing globally, but its formal evaluation remains challenging. To define a taxonomy of possible P2C2 engagement metrics and compare existing evaluation tools against this taxonomy, we conducted a systematic review.   Methods A broad search strate...

متن کامل

Patient Engagement and its Evaluation Tools – Current Challenges and Future Directions; Comment on “Metrics and Evaluation Tools for Patient Engagement in Healthcare Organization- and System-Level Decision-Making: A Systematic Review”

Considering the growing recognition of the importance of patient engagement in healthcare decisions, research and delivery systems, it is important to ensure high quality and efficient patient engagement evaluation tools. In this commentary, we will first highlight the definition and importance of patient engagement. Then we discuss the psychometric properties of the patient engagement evaluati...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2004